Phrasal Verbs – Collocation – Idiom

Bạn đã bao giờ gặp khó khăn khi gặp những cụm từ như “look up”, “give up”, “turn on” trong tiếng Anh? Đó chính là Phrasal verb – một phần không thể thiếu trong giao tiếp hàng ngày. Bài viết này sẽ tổng hợp đầy đủ và chi tiết nhất…

Phrasal Verb là gì?

Phrasal verb = động từ + tiểu từ (giới từ / trạng từ) → tạo thành một nghĩa mới, hoàn toàn khác với nghĩa của động từ gốc.

Ví dụ:

• look (nhìn) + after → look after (chăm sóc)
• give (đưa) + up → give up (từ bỏ)

Phân loại Phrasal Verb

Loại	Đặc điểm	Ví dụ
Intransitive (nội động từ)	Không cần tân ngữ	get up, break down, show off
Transitive – Separable (có thể tách)	Tân ngữ có thể ở giữa động từ và tiểu từ	turn the music down / turn down the music
Transitive – Inseparable (không thể tách)	Tân ngữ phải sau tiểu từ	look after the children (không được look the children after)

Các nhóm Phrasal Verb thông dụng

Nhóm GET

Phrasal Verb	Nghĩa	Ví dụ
get up	thức dậy	I get up at 6 a.m.
get along with	hòa hợp với ai	She gets along with everyone.
get over	vượt qua (bệnh tật, nỗi buồn)	He got over the flu.
get through	vượt qua (khó khăn, kỳ thi)	I got through the exam.
get together	tụ họp	Let’s get together this weekend.
get away	trốn thoát, đi nghỉ	We want to get away for a few days.
get on	lên (xe, tàu)	She got on the bus.
get off	xuống (xe, tàu)	Get off at the next stop.

Nhóm LOOK

Phrasal Verb	Nghĩa	Ví dụ
look after	chăm sóc	She looks after her younger brother.
look for	tìm kiếm	I’m looking for my keys.
look forward to	mong chờ	I look forward to hearing from you.
look up	tra cứu	Look up the word in a dictionary.
look down on	coi thường	Don’t look down on others.
look into	điều tra, xem xét	The police are looking into the case.
look out	cẩn thận (cảnh báo)	Look out! There’s a car!

Nhóm TAKE

Phrasal Verb	Nghĩa	Ví dụ
take off	cởi (quần áo); cất cánh (máy bay)	The plane took off at 8 a.m.
take after	giống ai (về ngoại hình/tính cách)	She takes after her father.
take care of	chăm sóc	I’ll take care of the baby.
take part in	tham gia	He took part in the competition.
take place	diễn ra	The meeting will take place tomorrow.
take up	bắt đầu (sở thích, môn thể thao)	She took up yoga.
take over	tiếp quản, nắm quyền	The new CEO took over last month.

Nhóm GO

Phrasal Verb	Nghĩa	Ví dụ
go on	tiếp tục	Please go on with your story.
go off	reo (chuông báo thức); hỏng (thức ăn)	The alarm went off at 6 a.m.
go through	trải qua	She went through a difficult time.
go up	tăng lên	Prices went up.
go down	giảm xuống	The temperature went down.
go out	ra ngoài (giải trí)	Let’s go out for dinner.
go back	quay lại	I went back home.

Nhóm COME

Phrasal Verb	Nghĩa	Ví dụ
come back	quay lại	He came back late.
come across	tình cờ gặp / tìm thấy	I came across an old photo.
come up with	nghĩ ra (ý tưởng)	She came up with a great idea.
come true	thành hiện thực	His dream came true.
come in	đi vào	Please come in.
come from	đến từ	She comes from Vietnam.

Nhóm TURN

Phrasal Verb	Nghĩa	Ví dụ
turn on	bật (thiết bị)	Turn on the light.
turn off	tắt (thiết bị)	Turn off the TV.
turn up	vặn to (âm lượng); xuất hiện	He turned up late again.
turn down	vặn nhỏ; từ chối	She turned down the job offer.
turn into	biến thành	The caterpillar turned into a butterfly.

Nhóm các động từ khác

Phrasal Verb	Nghĩa	Ví dụ
give up	từ bỏ	Don’t give up.
give in	khuất phục, nhượng bộ	He finally gave in and agreed.
run out of	cạn kiệt	We ran out of milk.
break down	hỏng hóc; suy sụp	My car broke down.
carry on	tiếp tục	Carry on with your work.
call off	hủy bỏ	They called off the meeting.
put off	trì hoãn	Don’t put off your homework.
work out	tập thể dục; giải quyết	I work out every day. We worked out the problem.

Tổng hợp ác IDiom thông dụng

Idiom Chủ đề HÀNH ĐỘNG & QUYẾT ĐỊNH

Idiom	Nghĩa	Ví dụ
pull the trigger	đưa ra quyết định quan trọng	He finally pulled the trigger and bought the house.
play it by ear	tùy cơ ứng biến, không lên kế hoạch trước	I don’t know what time I’ll arrive. Let’s play it by ear.
bite the bullet	chấp nhận làm việc khó khăn, không thoái thác	You have to bite the bullet and apologize.
take the bull by the horns	đối mặt trực tiếp với vấn đề	She took the bull by the horns and asked for a raise.
jump the gun	hành động vội vàng trước khi có đủ thông tin	Don’t jump the gun; wait for the official announcement.

Chủ đề THẤT BẠI & SAI LẦM

Idiom	Nghĩa	Ví dụ
back to the drawing board	bắt đầu lại từ đầu sau thất bại	Our plan failed. It’s back to the drawing board.
go down in flames	thất bại thảm hại	His startup went down in flames within 6 months.
miss the boat	bỏ lỡ cơ hội tốt	I didn’t apply on time, so I missed the boat.
put your foot in your mouth	nói điều gì đó gây xấu hổ hoặc phật ý	I really put my foot in my mouth when I mentioned her ex-boyfriend.

Chủ đề THÀNH CÔNG & MAY MẮN

Idiom	Nghĩa	Ví dụ
a blessing in disguise	điều tưởng xấu nhưng hóa ra tốt	Losing that job was a blessing in disguise.
hit the jackpot	thành công lớn, trúng lớn	Their new product hit the jackpot.
knock it out of the park	làm rất xuất sắc	You knocked it out of the park with that presentation.
land on your feet	vượt qua khó khăn thành công	He lost his job but quickly landed on his feet.

Chủ đề TIỀN BẠC & KINH TẾ

Idiom	Nghĩa	Ví dụ
tighten your belt	thắt lưng buộc bụng, tiết kiệm	We had to tighten our belts after the pay cut.
cough up	trả tiền miễn cưỡng	He finally coughed up the money he owed me.
money talks	có tiền là có quyền	In that industry, money talks.
go Dutch	mỗi người tự trả phần của mình	We decided to go Dutch for lunch.

Chủ đề QUAN HỆ & GIAO TIẾP

Idiom	Nghĩa	Ví dụ
bury the hatchet	giảng hòa, bỏ qua xích mích	After years of arguing, they finally buried the hatchet.
call it a night	kết thúc buổi tối (tụ tập, làm việc)	It’s late. Let’s call it a night.
cut to the chase	bỏ qua mọi thứ thừa thãi, vào vấn đề chính	I don’t have much time, so let’s cut to the chase.
hear it on the grapevine	nghe qua tin đồn	I heard it on the grapevine that you’re leaving.
read between the lines	hiểu ẩn ý	You need to read between the lines to understand her message.

Chủ đề CẢM XÚC MẠNH

Idiom	Nghĩa	Ví dụ
breathe a sigh of relief	thở phào nhẹ nhõm	I breathed a sigh of relief when the exam ended.
chill to the bone	lạnh thấu xương	I was chilled to the bone waiting for the bus in the snow.
cry over spilt milk	tiếc nuối điều đã qua	Yes, we made a mistake, but there’s no use crying over spilt milk.
make your blood boil	khiến ai vô cùng tức giận	The way he treated her made my blood boil.

Chủ đề THỜI GIAN & CƠ HỘI

Idiom	Nghĩa	Ví dụ
a wild-goose chase	một cuộc tìm kiếm vô vọng	The map led us on a wild-goose chase.
beat the clock	làm xong việc trước khi hết giờ	We beat the clock and submitted the report on time.
doom and gloom	bi quan, ảm đạm	Don’t be so doom and gloom about the future.
in the blink of an eye	trong chớp mắt	Everything changed in the blink of an eye.

Chủ đề TÌNH HUỐNG KHÓ & DỄ

Idiom	Nghĩa	Ví dụ
a piece of cake	dễ dàng	The exam was a piece of cake.
a hard nut to crack	vấn đề khó giải quyết	This math problem is a hard nut to crack.
up in the air	chưa chắc chắn, chưa quyết định	Our vacation plans are still up in the air.

Tổng hợp các collocations phổ biến

Collocations với DO (bổ sung)

Cụm	Ví dụ
do a course	I want to do a course in marketing.
do an interview	She did an interview for the local news.
do damage	The storm did damage to our house.
do the dishes	Who does the dishes after dinner?
do your hair/makeup	I need 5 minutes to do my hair.

Collocations với MAKE (bổ sung)

Cụm	Ví dụ
make a complaint	He made a complaint about the noise.
make a confession	She made a confession to the priest.
make a fuss	Don’t make a fuss over such a small thing.
make an observation	The scientist made an interesting observation.

Collocations với HAVE (bổ sung)

Cụm	Ví dụ
have a tendency to	He has a tendency to exaggerate.
have a go at something	Let me have a go at solving the problem.
have a feeling	I have a feeling that something is wrong.
have a word with	I need to have a word with you.

Collocations với TAKE (bổ sung)

Cụm	Ví dụ
take notes	Students should take notes during the lecture.
take a risk	You have to take a risk if you want to succeed.
take an exam	I took the exam last Monday.
take offence	She took offence at his joke.
take someone’s advice	You should take your mother’s advice.

Collocations với COME và GO

Với COME	Với GO
come first (được ưu tiên)	go wrong (hỏng, sai)
come last (cuối cùng)	go missing (mất tích)
come to an end (kết thúc)	go bald/grey (hói/bạc tóc)
come into power (lên nắm quyền)	go viral (lan truyền nhanh)
come to a conclusion (đi đến kết luận)	go nuts/crazy (phát điên)

Collocations mô tả THỜI TIẾT

Cụm	Ví dụ
heavy rain	There will be heavy rain tomorrow.
strong wind	A strong wind blew the roof off.
pouring rain	It’s pouring rain outside.
bitterly cold	It was bitterly cold in January.
scorching hot	The weather is scorching hot today.

Collocations mô tả CẢM XÚC

Cụm	Ví dụ
deeply regret	I deeply regret what I said.
highly appreciate	I highly appreciate your help.
strongly believe	I strongly believe in fairness.
utterly ridiculous	That proposal is utterly ridiculous.
completely different	His opinion is completely different from mine.

Collocations với BUSINESS và WORK

Cụm	Ví dụ
run a business	She runs a business from home.
set up a company	They set up a company in 2010.
close a deal	We finally closed the deal.
work overtime	I often work overtime on Fridays.
meet a deadline	Can you meet the deadline?
take on responsibility	He is ready to take on more responsibility.

Collocations thường gặp với KEEP

Cụm	Ví dụ
keep a diary	She keeps a diary every day.
keep a promise	A real friend keeps his promise.
keep in touch	We still keep in touch after many years.
keep someone company	I stayed home to keep my mom company.
keep an eye on	Please keep an eye on the baby for me.

Collocations với giới từ (Preposition Collocations)

Cụm	Ví dụ
responsible for	Who is responsible for this mess?
capable of	He is capable of doing great things.
famous for	Hoi An is famous for its lanterns.
interested in	She is interested in learning Chinese.
good at	I’m not good at math.
bad at	He is bad at remembering names.
worried about	I’m worried about the test.
similar to	This phone is similar to mine.
different from	Her style is different from yours.
married to	She is married to a doctor.
keen on	He is keen on playing football.
fond of	I’m fond of classical music.